Fig. 3From: Extracellular vesicles produced by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) activate macrophage proinflammatory response and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation through TLR4 signalingEVs induced an inflammatory response in macrophages. (A) Expression levels of inflammasome-related proteins in PMA-treated THP-1 macrophages, pretreated or not pretreated with TAK242 and incubated for 12 h with EVs (30, 40, or 50 µg/mL), were measured with a western blotting assay. A representative western blot is shown. (B) Densitometric analysis was used to quantify the levels of inflammasome-related proteins. Statistical test: two-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. (C + D + E) PMA-treated THP-1 macrophages, pretreated or not pretreated with TAK242, were incubated for 12 h with EVs (30, 40, or 50 µg/mL), and the expression levels of IL1β, IL18, and TNF-α were determined with ELISAs. Statistical test: one-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01Back to article page