Fig. 2

Adaptive laboratory evolution and reverse engineering for growth on pimelate. All strains were cultivated in three-fold buffered MSM containing 25.7 mM pimelate as sole carbon source. A Long-term cultivation of strains that are not able to grow on pimelate to induce adaptive mutations. B Growth of single strains which were isolated on LB agar plates after 80 h from the experiment shown in A. C Growth of reverse engineered strains based on mutations found after whole-genome sequencing of evolved P. putida A12.1ge strains. Growth was monitored using a Growth Profiler. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean, but errors are sometimes so small that they are not visible behind the lines (n = 3)