Fig. 2

Changes in intracellular sodium (a), potassium (b) ion and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio (c) levels after 8% NaCl shock. Where the “8% NaCl” represents the condition in fixed 8% NaCl. And the ROS levels (d), AEC ratio (e), and ATP contents (f) were also determined. The numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) on the x-axis in panels (e) and (f) represent different sampling time, which are 5 min before shock, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after shock, respectively. Red lines indicate 8% NaCl shock group, green lines indicate 13% NaCl shock group. ** represents p < 0.01, *** represents p < 0.0005, **** represents p < 0.0001